A Tip to Study in Math Tutoring Centers in Rawal Pindi

A Tip to Study in Math Tutoring Centers in Rawal PindiNo matter how good your grades are at school, it is a well known fact that most students are unable to grasp the concepts of their school subjects at a very early age. For this reason, they require expert guidance in order to acquire the necessary skills and understand what they have to do in order to make the required progress.This is where you would have to make your way to Rawal Pindi in order to find an education center that can be of great help to you. They provide private math tutoring for children who would like to succeed in their studies and seek for the most effective way of achieving their objectives.In this private math tutoring, you will have access to a team of experienced teachers who are qualified enough to provide you with hands-on tutoring sessions to ensure that your child achieves their goals. The teachers here know what they are doing so they can answer all your queries in the most professional manner. Also, t he expertise here is greater than that of other tutoring centers in Pakistan because they do not only provide private tuition but also take care of the various issues that come up when they engage in private tutoring.They would know exactly how to handle the different types of situations that you encounter during private math tutoring so they can always make your child's life easier. Moreover, the instructors are highly trained and very capable as they go through a lot of math-related problems everyday. Because of the above mentioned qualities, this tutoring center provides the best level of tutoring and they are able to aid in the success of students and enable them to achieve the highest grades.These tutors in math who work here are not just good with math, but they also have years of experience in other subjects as well. Therefore, they can ensure that the students at this center are taught the basics of science and geometry and other topics that are compulsory for a student to h ave.Apart from these tutors in math, they also offer video tutoring so that you can receive the same type of tutoring that you would have done with the actual teachers. You can opt for a session at the center or if you have the facility of time, you can schedule for one yourself.With the centers in Rawal Pindi, students can avail of various other advantages. They include guaranteed seats, lesson plans, online practice tests, homework help, private tutoring for mothers, home study guides, instructional CD's, and much more.So, if you would like to avail of the same quality of education that only tutors in private tutoring could offer to their students, then you need to look for one of these centers. You can either sit in a classroom or attend one of the training sessions offered in the center itself.

Chemistry Facts About Water

Chemistry Facts About WaterIf you've been curious about the chemistry facts about water, then here's a summary of a few of them. Water is composed of many different elements that contribute to its properties. There are actually over 3,000 different chemical compounds in water, and these chemicals form a myriad of different substances. Let's take a look at some of the common substances found in water.A good deal of water is salt water, which means that the most of the chemical components are solid. Salt water also has traces of organic and mineral constituents as well. This explains why you sometimes have to add more sodium or potassium salts to your water than you probably need.In comparison, other kinds of water contain a variety of chemical compounds. These include the insoluble chemical compounds found in different kinds of water that make it hard for the human body to dissolve in water. Although this makes it unpleasant to drink, it actually makes the water much more useful as a food source than it would be otherwise.Some of the other chemical compounds in water are those of carbon dioxide and oxygen, as well as the two atomic weights of hydrogen and oxygen. This is particularly true of the water in our bodies.If you understand what all of these compounds are, you'll probably have an easier time determining the chemistry facts about water that you need to know. The combinations that exist in the water are too vast to be included in this article, but if you're interested in learning about what some of the common elements are found in water, there are lots of places to look.Most people have heard that the best water to drink is distilled water. The reason that this is so, though, is that the impurities in water have been removed. What you want is fresh, clean water. You should buy bottled water in order to get that, but, for now, let's concentrate on drinking tap water.Of course, if you're really curious about the chemistry facts about water, you can always t urn to an online chemistry book. It's a good idea to check out some online resources before you actually start buying any books, because most of them are not very good.

Penguin Tutors Can Teach Kids With Speech Impairments

Penguin Tutors Can Teach Kids With Speech ImpairmentsNowadays, penguin tutors are a common sight in almost every school board. And the reason for this is that they can actually teach kids with speech impediments to talk more than ever before. How exactly does a penguin tutor work?Penguin tutors have a special penguin suit that is worn during the lessons. They teach children how to speak properly and using the appropriate vocabulary words as well as how to put these words together correctly to make a complete sentence. A lesson might include vocabulary words like: play, art, tree, etc.Penguins teach kids with speech impairments in a similar manner to how an actual penguin would teach kids. The same penguin tutor will teach the child using different methods. This differs from regular teachers, which use 'sticking' or using sounds to convey what is being taught. Teachers with speech impairments would use non-verbal methods like different hand gestures to communicate with the child and t he parents are also encouraged to try using gestures as well.When it comes to penguin tutors, all parents should know that there are some things that parents must not do. And that includes not bringing their child outside the classroom when they should be staying inside the penguin's habitat. Also, parents should not let the child stay in the penguin's cage for too long periods of time as this would be physically harmful to the child's bones.Another rule for penguin tutors is that the student has to keep their mouth shut when they are communicating with the penguin. This is due to the fact that they would be speaking in penguin noises that are very close to the human range of speech. These sounds can be quite difficult for the student to hear as well. And since the student would be talking to the penguin, they would not be able to see their teacher so the students will need to hold their mouths tightly closed.The penguin tutor also works differently than other teaching methods, such as, traditional classroom teaching. This means that the tutor may teach the student while sitting in the penguin's hut, which is a special place that penguins have been known to frequent.These penguin tutors are ideal for children with mild to moderate speech impairments. Since penguins are considered to be a great teacher, it is possible for the penguin tutor to teach any age group.

What To Know About The PSAT

What To Know About The PSAT The PSAT (Preliminary SAT) is a test designed to prepare high school students for the SAT. It is also used as the initial screening process for the National Merit Scholarship, which provides students with funds that can be put towards college. The PSAT is given only once a year in October. In 2012, the test will be administered on October 17th or October 20th, depending on your school. Both high school sophomores and juniors can take it, though only juniors will be eligible to qualify for National Merit Scholarships. The test is modeled after the SAT and mirrors its structure in many ways. There are three sections of the test: Critical Reading, Math, and Writing. Each section is graded on a 20-80 point scale, and these scores are combined to make up the students final score. Like the SAT, there is a guessing penalty, meaning that each incorrect answer lowers the students overall score slightly. The PSAT is divided into four 25-minute sections and one 30-minute section, which is always Writing. The entire test takes two hours and ten minutes to complete. The Math section is made up of multiple choice problems and grid-in questions. The test covers material from Arithmetic, Geometry, and Algebra I. Unlike the SAT, there are no Algebra II questions on the test. The Critical Reading section of the PSAT consists of multiple choice questions that are either reading comprehension problems in response to passages, or sentence completions. Both of these problem types are the ones found on the SAT. The Writing section of the PSAT is made up of multiple choice questions about English grammar and style. These are often about identifying sentence errors and improving paragraphs. Unlike the SAT, there is no essay portion of the PSAT. There are many benefits and very few downsides to taking the PSAT. Colleges will not see your PSAT score, so if you dont do as well as youd like, it will not affect your chances of admission. However, taking the PSAT will give you the valuable experience of getting used to SAT-style questions and taking a test in a similar environment. Your PSAT score will also give you a good idea of which areas you need the most work so that you can better focus your studying as you prepare for the SAT. Because your score report will include national percentages, you can put the numbers in context and see how you are doing in comparison to other high school students in the nation. Finally, students who score in the top percentile might be eligible for college scholarships through the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. A great way to maximize your chances of achieving a high score on the PSAT is to work with a private tutor on a structured test prep plan.

Principal Square Root Online Tutoring

Principal Square Root Online Tutoring Square root is the number which when multiplied by itself gives back the number to which square root is calculated. Square root is one of the commonly used terms in numerical calculations and algebra. Principal square root is the nonnegative root of the given nonnegative real number. There is no principle square root of a negative number because the principal square root cannot be applied to imaginary number. The symbol of square root is . Example 1: Find the principal square root of the number 144? Solution: Given here is to find the principal square root of the number 144. The square root of 144 is the number when multiplied to itself gives back 144. So, 144 = (4* 4* 3* 3) = (12 * 12) = 12 or -12. But we need to find the principal square root of the number 144 which has to be a positive value. Hence, the principal square root of 144 is 12. Example 2: Find the principal square root of the number 900? Solution: Given here is to find the principal square root of the number 900. The square root of 900 is the number when multiplied to itself gives back 900. So, 900 = (2* 2 *5* 5* 3* 3) = (6 * 6* 5* 5) = (30* 30) = 30 or -30. But we need to find the principal square root of the number 900 which has to be a positive value. Hence, the principal square root of 900 is 30.

Learning ESOL How to Achieve Your Goals

Learning ESOL How to Achieve Your Goals Our Advice for Improving your English Skills as a Speaker of Another Language ChaptersWhat Objectives Are We Talking About?Be Patient and Create a Plan to Help You Learn EnglishYour Starting Level in EnglishMemory and Learning AbilityA Taste for Languages: The Key FactorPractice Makes Perfect When Learning EnglishFind the Right Approach to Learning EnglishSpend Time Abroad in English Speaking CountriesGet English Lessons with an ESOL TutorHow long does it take to really speak the English language well? How can you go from learning a few new words and phrsaes every day to learning how to speak English fluently as a second language?This is a question we get a lot.Unfortunately, the answer isn’t as simple as the question because there isn’t really an answer. You have to take several factors into account.Here are the main things to consider when it comes to improving your English..Superprof provides private tutors for a range of subjects. You can find tutors for English courses in London and throughout the UK to help you progress.

Plan Your Budget For Your Trip To Germany

Plan Your Budget For Your Trip To Germany How To Plan Your Budget When You Visit Germany ChaptersThe Costs Of Accommodation In GermanyThe Price Of German Food And RestaurantsTransport In GermanyAttractions In GermanyIf you plan to visit Germany, you know that you will need to make sure that you have enough money to cover your entire trip. When you are travelling to a new place, this can be challenging because you don’t have any idea about the costs that are you will find at your destination. Leaving you to guess and estimate which may leave you short especially if your money isn’t organised into some kind of Financial Plan. To make sure that you have enough money not only to cover your trip but also to cover the things that you want to do during your trip.The choices are endless for an interesting stay in Germany, However, no matter which town or city in Germany you visit. You will need a good budget to allow you to enjoy your trip and make sure that you have the money to cover the entirety of your trip. Germany offers many attractions:Berlin (the capital city) and i ts museums,Rothenburg and its fairytale architecture,Dresden and its classical architectureBremen as the link between the sea and riverHamburg and its bridgesCologne and its cathedralHannover and its marketsMunich and OktoberfestBear in mind that at some point you will likely visit or stay in one or more German cities or tourist towns. Where the prices for tourists are generally much more than you might be used to and if you are using a currency other than the Euro it may also be confusing to calculate how much you are actually spending.But although the cost of travelling in German is not cheap, it is also not too outrageous either. So there's no need to panic as the cost of travelling in Germany is only slightly above average when compared to tourism in European countries. This article will help you know what to add to your budget and give you an estimation of how many euros you need to travel in Germany.So you will be able to go sightseeing in Germany with peace of mind, leaving y our only focus to taste German food, drink German wine/German beer, and enjoy the attractions of the country without breaking the bank.  Let’s Prepare your wallet for your visit to Germany!German culture and a wonderful selection of historical and modern attractions. Photo Source: UnsplashHere is a list of the average prices for eating German food in regular restaurants:around 10 € per person for lunchonly 23 € for a 3-course dinnerThe world's best-known fast food will cost you € 7.Overall, the alcohols sold during the meal are cheaper: count € 3.50 for a pint of German beer and only € 1.10 for a foreign beer bottled.Strangely the bottles of water you consume at the table are more expensive, about € 90 so you can drink beer cheaper than water.Whether you are in Bavaria, Rhineland or southern Germany, you should be able to fill your belly cheaply while a. Finally, if you visit Munich, the Bavarian capital, at the Oktoberfest beer festival, then you can drink the best b eers in the world at unbeatable prices: € 9.90 per litre of beer!Find and join great German courses London here.Transport In GermanyBy AirFlights into Germany from most established routes in Europe can be as low as €10 with airlines like Ryanair and EasyJet at the forefront of low-cost flights. For less regular routes you can expect to pay around €60 from within Europe. To find cheap flights have a look on Skyscanner for your route; Tip: you will save money if you can be flexible with your dates.Getting to Germany By train or busTrains and buses into Germany are frequent high quality and give you a lot of choice for destinations. If you are able to plan in advance, then you will save money with advance purchase discounts. The price of train tickets depends on where you are going, but you can check the German railway website for prices. You can also buy a rail pass (Eurail) should you want to tour around Germany and Europe. Bus companies offer hugely discounted tickets (even â‚ ¬1 tickets can be found) for even long distances or international services.Prices, of course, may vary depending on your destination: Bonn, Potsdam, Charlottenburg, Saarbrücken or Mannheim will not be available at the same price as Berlin for example. The best way to save money on this mandatory leg of the trip is to compare prices according to your departure or to choose another way: go by ferry, hitchhike or consider driving in Germany.Transport Within GermanyTransport is more expensive in Germany, but the transportation is of superior quality, transport runs on time, and it is clean and comfortable.Here is a list of the average prices for transport in Germany:Bus ticket: 2,7 €,Metro ticket (Berlin): 1.70 - 2.80 €Taxi (kilometer): 2 €,Uber (kilometre): € 1.6,Petrol (liter): 1,4 €,Car rental (24h): 24 €.So remember to make a large transport budget if you want to travel around a lot especially if you plan to do so within the bustling cities of Germany. You could save mo ney by buying travel passes like a day bus pass in Berlin city, rail passes or a ferry pass if you want to take a river cruise.It is true that Germany is overflowing with attractions, events and destinations for you to explore and discover. Photo Source: UnsplashAttractions In GermanyThe main reason for your trip to Germany is to have fun and experience the culture and a new environment. The attractions of Germany or a huge part of your visit to the country and taking part in the attractions and visiting the beautiful places in Germany will help you to enjoy the German culture.There is a lot of things to do in Germany! Between your visit to the Gothic cathedral, contemplation of the Brandenburg Gate, stroll in the Black Forest, a souvenir in front of the remains of the Berlin Wall, discovery of the famous Reichstag Palace or other UNESCO World Heritage monuments. You may find your pockets are getting lighter, but it will be worth it, and if you plan for the costs you will be able to relax and just enjoy Germany.Here is a sample of some costs of museums and places to visit in Germany:Musée de Pergame in Berlin costs €19Museum of German History  in Berlin costs €8Miniature Wonderland in Hamburg costs €15Cologne Cathedral  in Cologne  costs  â‚¬4 (guided tour)Neuschwanstein Castle  in Schwangau  costs  â‚¬13For your holidays in Germany, plan a large enough budget so that you can freely enjoy the rich and diverse German culture. I hope that this gets your German budget in order so that you can discover everything needed to prepare your budget for your visit to Germany.   Discover all that there is to see in Europe's leading economic powerhouse!

When Did Latin Die (Did It Ever, Really)

When Did Latin Die (Did It Ever, Really) What Happened to Latin? ChaptersThe History of Latin: The Origins of the LanguageClassical Latin and Vulgar LatinLatin to the RenaissanceThe Birth of ItalianHow Come the Catholic Church Speaks Latin Now?Did Latin Ever Really Die?Examples of Italian Words Similar to LatinWhy Bother Learning Latin?You probably are aware that the Romans spoke Latin.  You probably also know that the Italians are the descendants of the Romans.However, if you’ve studied both languages, you’ll have noticed that they’re quite different to one another.How did Latin turn into Italian over the years?  Why did Latin change so much and become the Italian we know today? When did people stop speaking Latin - and why? Discover the history of learning Italian with us.It turns out that a lot can happen over the course of 2,000 years. Hopefully, this article should have the answers you’re looking for.Latin comes from the Italic languages. The Italic languages were generally spoken in what is now Italy.Latin was never the only language spoken in the region. In fact, the whole area was home to plenty of different peoples and languages.Italy has always been a fertile land for language. (Source: pixabay.com)Let’s go back to the 6th century BC.The Italic people we’re interested in resided in the centre and the south of Italy. At the time, this region was known as Latium. This area currently is home to the Vatican.The Italic languages, like almost every language spoken in Europe, are members of the Indo-European language family.  This includes a lot of languages that have since disappeared as well as languages such as Italian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Romanian.It should be noted that while the Italic languages were spoken around what we now call Italy, the speakers of the Italic languages weren’t originally from Italy.According to historians, they emigrated from the Balkans around 1500AD. Certain specialists think that the group that occupied Italy before them were the Ligures who are thought to be an It alo-Celtic people.Before the foundation of Rome in 753AD, we believe that the Italic languages were heavily influenced by Greek and Estrucans.Once Rome was created it became hugely important in spreading the Latin language around the region.  Latin inherited 6 of the 8 grammatical cases from the Indo-European languages.Including:The Genitive: used for possessionThe Vocative: used for addressing or calling peopleThe Accusative: used for the object of the verbThe Dative: used for nouns that are to or for somethingThe Ablative: used with nouns that are by, with, or from somethingThe Nominative: used for the subject of the verbClassical Latin and Vulgar LatinBefore speaking about Classical and Vulgar Latin, we need to look at Old Latin which was spoken until around the 1st century BC.Old Latin: Evolution and DeclineAfter the foundation of Rome and its expansion, Latin began to spread across the regions occupied.Thanks to colonisation, it reached as far as the limits of Western Europe, A sia Minor, and North Africa.The Romans left more than just words. (Source: pixabay.com)By the 3rd century BC, Latin was the official language of the Roman Republic.  It was used by the Roman administration as well as for law, politics, and religion.  While it coexisted with Greek dialects, Latin quickly took over the other languages.  This is due to leaders forbidding their people from speaking Greek in favour of Latin.Classical Latin entered its golden age between 75BC and 14AD when Latin literature played an important role in its propagation.  The two centuries that followed could be called Classical Latin’s silver age.While Rome was responsible for the spread of Latin, the fall of the Western Roman Empire led to its decline.How did we get from Classical Latin to Vulgar Latin?Before the Huns arrived from the East and forced migration to the West, the Roman Empire was weakening.  In the 5th century, some Germanic peoples were taking control of areas of Italy. The Eastern Roman Em pire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, survived the attacks and Greek culture began to spread.However, Latin only declined moderately. Latin's tough. It can roll with the punches.  We could say that rather than disappearing, Latin transformed when it came into contact with other languages (such as the Germanic languages).Furthermore, Classic Latin was used by leaders, intellectuals, and writers. The colonists and soldiers, on the other hand, spoke the Latin of the people, commonly referred to as Vulgar Latin. Think about the difference between standard English - used by politicians and academics and in written texts - and the language that we actually speak: there's quite a difference.Vulgar LatinVulgar Latin gave rise to a number of different languages: the Romance languages and Italian, namely.While already in decline in the 2nd century, Classical Latin became less important while the opposite was true for Vulgar Latin.  In fact, scribes and clerks began to rewrite civil and re ligious documents into Vulgar Latin which would take over Classical Latin.Classical Latin (which wasn’t in use by the people) lost its lustre once the empire collapsed. Since the connections between Rome and the other cities were complicated, the region began to fracture linguistically as there was no standardised form of the language for people to use.  However, the Romans did put the Latin alphabet into common use and nowadays is used by tonnes of languages all over the world.Latin to the RenaissanceWith the arrival of new peoples over the centuries, Latin transformed and evolved.By the 5th century, Italy was under invasion by the Ostrogoths.  In 6th century, the Lombards had a go. The Francs, under the reign of Charlemagne, came to Italy in the 8th century. We should also mention that Southern Italy was under the control of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslims.The large number of different cultures allowed the language to take on new terms.Medieval LatinBetween the 9th and 14th centuries there was Medieval Latin.  While Latin started to become less and less popular, priests and intellectuals still used it. They’d add new terms from Hebrew and Greek.And so, in the Middle Ages, you'd see a strange phenomenon in which, whilst nobody actually spoke the language - as they rather spoke the regional derivations of Latin - the Church and the Holy Roman Empire (Charlemagne's power) used the language in all of their official correspondence and records. In fact, Charlemagne promoted the use of the Latin language and literature in what became known as the Carolingian Renaissance.Consequently, the 'dead' language spread into territories that never had a history of speaking Latin, such as the German states. This was due to the fact that the Holy Roman Empire over which Charlemagne ruled conquered new states - and so officials and authorities in his extended kingdom were required to follow the desires of the Emperor.Yet, during this period, the nature of Latin was cha nging: Latin grammar, pronunciation, syntax, and vocabulary all changed, with different users, contact with each vernacular, and a move towards greater clarity, such as the use of the preposition.Renaissance LatinDuring the Renaissance (between the 14th and 16th centuries), we see the development of a cultural force known as Renaissance humanism.  This was a movement - in line with the Renaissance's broader project of the 'rebirth' of classical forms - that paid close attention to the study of classical antiquity. Many of those involved in the movement - such as Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Bracciolini - were collectors of antique manuscripts, and they were known for promoting classical models for the art and literature of the day.  However, the Latin that they studied and promoted was put promoted in opposition to what was Medieval Latin: they didn't so much like the then contemporary Latin with all its changes and developments than the 'proper' Latin spoken by the ancient Romans. For example, they looked to writers such as Cicero and Virgil as their models.  The importance of this movement cannot be overstated - as, all across Europe, Latin came to be taught in the humanist style. You find people like Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe having to learn the Latin of Virgil in London.  This language came to be known  as Renaissance Latin - and, whilst it was never spoken by the people as such, this language was written by diplomats, artists, politicians, and philosophers throughout the period.We know at some point that the Italian language we know today took over from written and spoken Latin.Placiti CassinesiThe earliest documents we have of written Italian come from the late tenth century - and they are rather prosaic. They are legal documents regarding a dispute between some monasteries and a landowner about fifty miles south of Rome.Rather than in Latin - in which most other legal documents were still being written at this time - these texts, known as the Plac iti Cassinesi, are written in a vernacular. They show a distinct difference from Latin, moving away from Latin grammar and with different spellings and syntax and new words. The dialect in which they are written developed straight out of the vulgar Latin we discussed above.The Renaissance and Italian VernacularWe can point to the Renaissance and Florentine writers such as Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrarch as a significant turning point in the death of Latin as the language of culture in Europe.Whilst these writers promoted classical culture and Latin as models and benchmarks of literary quality - and although they wrote in Latin too - these writers were also the first to compose poetry in the vernacular, meaning in the local language.Dante's Divine Comedy is one of the works responsible for making unifying Italy's linguistic landscape. (Source: Wikimedia Commons)Dante's  The Divine ComedyThanks to his work The Divine Comedy, Dante is one of Italian’s forefathers. The Florentine write r wanted to be understood by everyone and not just by the elite - and this work was one of the first poems ever to be written in something called Italian.  Who wrote in Florentine, a sub-dialect of the Tuscan dialect, and borrowed words from Latin, French, Lombard, and Provençal.  His goal was to show that everyday language was as noble as Latin - and his work  De vulgari eloquentia  (ironically, a defence of the value of the vernacular written in Latin) explained his decision.His gamble paid off since a number of other poets followed in his footsteps  - including Petrarch. And inspired by this vernacular poetry, writers across Europe moved away from Latin too: Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower as examples.  The First Italian DictionaryHowever, 'Italian' as such was still far from existing at this point. Dante was writing in a dialect - in a peninsula in which there were nearly a thousand such dialects.It wasn't until 1612 that the first Italian dictionary was published, by a institu tion in Rome called the Academia della Crusca. Their  Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca, one of the first dictionaries in the world,  was an attempt to formalise the Florentine dialect (the language in which Dante was writing) and this became the basis for standard Italian subsequently.As Florence was such an important city state from the time of Dante into the seventeenth century, it was this Tuscan dialect that proved most influential in the development of the Italian language. Even today, Italian is based on this dialect - much as 'standard' English is based on the dialect spoken around London from the time of Chaucer.Modern ItalianBy 1861, when Italy was finally unified as a country, only 2.5% of the population could speak Italian. Everyone still spoke regional dialects.As the country entered into political union, 'Italian' became the language of the state - and so the common language of the people in the peninsula.It is thought that Alessandro Manzoni's novel  The Betro thed, published in 1827, set the basis for modern Italian.Tempted to type  Italian classes near me in google?   Save time and head straight to Superprof to connect with local tutors now.How Come the Catholic Church Speaks Latin Now?Bit by bit, Latin became the language of religion rather than of the people. Whilst, after the 16th century, we use the term New Latin (or Neo-Latin) to refer the Latin being used in international science, we use 'Ecclesiastical Latin' to refer to that spoken by the Catholic Church.  But now, Latin is only spoken in the Vatican as an official language. The reason for this is that the Church was, back in the Middle Ages, one of the main promoters of Latin as a language. Part of the demand of the Reformation in the sixteenth century was that church ceremony be performed in the vernacular.  Consequently, a strong attachment to Latin can be seen in the Roman Catholic Church. It wasn't until the 1960s that the Church allowed mass to be performed in languages o ther than Latin! However, even now, all official documents are written in Latin.Interestingly enough, whilst they speak Latin in the Vatican, pronunciation is based on Italian - so they may not be as different as they might seem!Did Latin Ever Really Die?The answer to this question is yes and no - and it is very hard to identify a precise moment at which it died definitively. Scholars make the helpful distinction between  extinct  languages - which no-one speaks - and  dead ones, which no longer has a native community that speaks it. In this sense, Latin is a dead language, but it has been dead for a very long time.Rather, the history of Latin is one of change: the populations speaking the language changed, Latin pronunciation and grammar changed, and it was heavily manipulated and reformed by the whims of different intellectual currents throughout history.But Latin, clearly, never became extinct - not in the same way as languages like Etruscan or Phoenician, for example. Rather, it remained as a language - at least, as a language that is studied and recognised - due to European culture's continued respect, not to say adoration, for the classical culture of ancient Rome.Throughout history, cultural movements and political powers strove to legitimise their own cultures and authority by appealing to the memory of ancient Rome. So, the Holy Roman Empire chose its name to hark back to that ancient culture - and there is no surprise that it was Charlemagne who had such an effect on the revival of the language.Similarly, figures during the Renaissance in Italy sought to give their artistic works a greater authority by returning to the models of ancient culture - and this in turn returned Latin to the centre of artistic production.This concern for ancient Rome continued long after this - with Roman architecture being the inspiration for cities such as Edinburgh long into the nineteenth century. With such an attention to the culture of the ancients, Latin is very unli kely ever to go fully extinct.You could also look at the history of Hebrew, a language that was successfully brought back from the dead when the state of Israel adopted it as its official language.Examples of Italian Words Similar to LatinLatin still has a huge influence on Italian vocabulary.To prove our point, we’ve put together a list of a few Latin terms and their almost-identical Italian counterparts.Here’s a non-exhaustive list, with the Italian listed first, followed by its Latin root and English translations:ItalianLatinEnglishAccelerareAccelerareAccelerateBibliotecaBibliothecaLibraryCalamitàCalamitasCalamity/DisasterDiplomaDiplomaDiplomaEnciclopediaEnciclopediaEncyclopaediaFondamentaleFundamentalisFundamentalGladiatoreGladiatorGladiatorIndeterminatoIndeterminatusUndeterminedLacrimaLacrimaTearMaggiordomoMajor domusButlerNegoziatoreNegotiatorNegotiatorOccasionareOccasionariCausePacificazionePacifiicatioPacificationQuerimoniaQuerimoniaLamentationThe are tonnes of expressi ons in Latin that have made their way into English, too.Latin also gave us our alphabet. (Source: pixabay.com)Why Bother Learning Latin?People still learn Latin today, and not just those people who are working in the Catholic Church, nor those who have chosen to study classical history or the history of medieval or early modern Europe.Rather, kids are still taught Latin at a lot of schools. Most famously, children at public schools learn the subject - but it is not uncommon in state schools too. If you are one of these people, you might benefit from a Latin tutor.If you are not one of them, you might wonder why you would ever bother learning Latin. But we've already told you that  Latin ain’t yet an extinct language - and it comes in useful a lot.  Help to Understand Your Own LanguageIf you love Italian culture and the lingua italiana, you can see how Latin can help you better understand your Italian lessons (as well as a number of English words).  It can help you learn Italian in school or in private tutorials or learn Italian online  - and it will help you make sense of  why  particularly rules are to be found in the language, as you will notice that all of the irregular aspects of the language come straight out of the Latin.  But it can also help you to understand French, Portuguese, Romanian, any of the Italian dialects - and even English, a language that has been influenced by Latin to a perhaps surprisingly huge extent. If you are interested in grammar, etymology (the history of the meaning of words), or syntax - pretty much any aspect of linguistics - a knowledge of Latin will be pretty essential.Develop Your Knowledge of History - and the History of LiteratureLatin tutorials won't only help you with your knowledge of language. But they could help you to understand ancient history better too. In studying Latin, you will be looking at the most important texts written in the language. And these so happen to be hugely important historical documents that help us understand what on earth was going on in the world back then as well. You can't study the Romans in any detail - or antiquity in general - without a pretty solid understanding of the Latin language.Finally then, knowing Latin also helps your understanding of literature. So, if you are a poetry nerd, you'll probably be thinking, where do we get all our literary forms, poetic themes and concerns, and motifs from? The answer to that is ancient literature - including Latin, but also Greek. So, if you want to develop your knowledge, Latin is the language to learn.If you’d like to learn Italian culture in general, you should learn Latin as it was used by Virgil.  Learn the Italian basics with our blog for Italian for beginners.   A private tutor can help you get the bases of the Italian language:Italian courses LondonItalian lessons GlasgowItalian lessons Birmingham

A Day in the Life at Brigham Young University

A Day in the Life at Brigham Young University The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Lia is a New York City tutor specializing in ACT prep tutoring, Reading tutoring, Biology tutoring, and more. She is a 2009 graduate of Brigham Young University with Bachelors degrees in both Visual Art and Physiology Developmental Biology. See what she had to say about her alma mater: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Lia: Brigham Young Universitys campus is set in a archetypically picturesque location, with looming overhead mountains grandly displaying the seasons, and nearby Sundance serving as the perfect vista for winter or summer past-times. The surrounding town, Provo, is small and extraordinarily friendly. A stroll down University Ave toward Center Street acquaints you with many of the small businesses and locals. After freshman year, most students live off campus, with many commuting mostly by bike or by foot. South of campus is full of BYU-approved housing, including apartment complexes and multiple-room houses; large apartment complexes and resulting communities abound all around the edge of campus as well. VT: How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Lia: Depending on the program, of course, almost every professor, TA, and adviser is as available as you proactively seek them to be. Every professor and TA holds office hours, and some classes hold regular extra labs or office hours during which TAs guide you through difficult problem sets or offer other coaching. English and writing tutoring is regularly available in the library through the English department. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Lia: The dorms mostly consist of freshmen, and many of these freshmen form strong groups, usually within their church ward, that last throughout college. Every dorm building has its own culture, with some offering more socialization than others (for example, those that include six students per unit and have individual kitchens usually have less social functions; those that include 1-2 students per unit, without individual units, usually have more). VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Lia: I double majored in Visual Arts: Studio Art and Physiology Developmental Biology, with a minor in Chemistry. I began college intending to apply to medical school, but decided to join the Visual Arts program my junior year and fulfill both degrees. I found that the programs were incredibly different; where the Physiology Developmental Biology program (underneath the Biology department) circulated a large number of students every year and had lectures with student bodies ranging from 50-200, the Visual Arts Department was extremely intimate with classes ranging from 5-20 students. As a result, I was able to get a lot more support in my Visual Arts classes than I was in my science classes, as well as develop stronger mentor relationships. While BYU has an excellent variety of programs and support is available when asked for, its good to do research on class and program sizes to gauge what would best meet ones needs. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Lia: There arent any sororities or fraternities on campus, but church wards often provide a lot of social structure. As a freshman, its almost essential to live in the dorms and attend an assigned ward to really live out the social experience. There are also a lot of campus functions and activities, often specifically geared toward freshmen, but these are also often attended by ward groups. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Lia: BYU has a top ranking business school and thus attracts a lot of attention. The Career Center is available as a general support, but usually refer students to specific departments for more specific advice and support. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Lia: The Harold B. Lee Library is an enormous resource with an incredible selection of books, periodicals, and digital resources. Because the H.B.L.L. is so enormous, there are many different rooms for students to reserve for study groups and areas to study individually, as well as computers for use. The student center and dorm lounges are also spacious and comfortable, but most students group in the library. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Lia: Provo, Utah is a small town with several larger, settled businesses and many small businesses. While campus is situated just a half mile or so from the center street of downtown Provo, many students congregate mostly on or within campus. Downtown Provo is a rich, cultural community, however, with great gallery strolls, small businesses, and a thriving music scene, and the students that explore it often integrate into it quickly. Other than the downtown area, which is easily traversable by foot, many students enjoy hikes, bike rides around Utah Lake, weekend trips to Southern Utah, and shopping in Salt Lake City, which is an hours drive north. VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Lia: BYU has approximately 30,000 in its student body, lending to large class sizes in most general courses. While the class sizes werent always frustrating, it was also a high priority for me to find courses that offered smaller group sizes for purposes of discussion and stronger support. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Lia: My favorite class at BYU came in my last semester there: Special Problems in Art. In the midst of this course, I was able to make proposals for art exhibits that were particularly experimental and receive approval to install them. One such experience involved a sound art installation, in which a fellow student and I placed recordings of various familiar sounds in ceiling tiles, and set the recordings to play at an interval of four minutes or so. It was amazing watching casually as passersby heard lawn mowers, scrapes, and breaking glass as they walked to class! Check out Lias tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.